Ni umwe mu mitwe yo kwirwanaho no kubohora igihugu yabayeho kare cyane muri Afurika, ibihugu byinshi bitarabona ubwigenge, icyakora iminsi ntiyabaniye uwo mutwe wari ugamije gucyura ibihumbi by’Abanyarwanda byari byarameneshejwe iwabo.
Inyenzi ni umutwe w’ingabo wajegeje u Rwanda hagati ya 1960 na 1967, uba isereri mu mutwe wa Gregoire Kayibanda wari Perezida kugeza ubwo umujinya awutuye abatutsi b’imbere mu gihugu, bamwe baricwa abandi baratotezwa.
Intandaro yo kuvuka kw’Inyenzi iri mu itangizwa ry’amashyaka menshi mu Rwanda mu 1959 aho ishyaka rya UNAR ryatangiye rikomeye riniganjemo Abatutsi nubwo muri uwo mwaka bahise batangira guhura n’ibikorwa by’urugomo, abayobozi ba UNAR bakavanwaho bagafungwa, abandi bakicwa, abasigaye bagahunga.
Kugaruka mu gihugu vuba bumvaga ko bishoboka kuko bari bafite icyizere cyo gushyigikirwa n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, bakanizera ko ubwigenge buzaboneka u Bubiligi bugahita buvanamo akabwo karenge maze hakaba amatora aciye mu mucyo na cyane ko UNAR ari ishyaka ryari rikunzwe mu gihugu.
Si ko byagenze kuko ibyo kugenda kw’Ababiligi no kuba PARMEHUTU yatakaza imbaraga, bitabaye.
Nk’uko biri mu gitabo Antoine Mugesera yise “The Persecution of Rwandan Tutsi Before the 1990-1994 Genocide”, mu kiganiro n’itangazamakuru cyabereye i Casablanca muri Maroc, uwari Visi Perezida wa UNAR, Michel Kayihura na Alexandre Ruteramigozi wari umuyoboke w’iryo shyaka, bagaragaje kwicuza ko Akanama k’Umutekano kakomeje kugirira u Bubiligi icyizere mu Rwanda no mu Burundi.
Impunzi z’Abanyarwanda zimaze kubona ko ziri gukinwa amacenga na Loni, bamwe bahisemo gushinga umutwe witwaje intwaro kugira ngo ibyo basaba nibyanga mu magambo, bijye mu bikorwa ku ngufu.
Mu 1960 nibwo izina Inyenzi ryavukiye ahitwa Kizinga hafi ya Nyamwezi mu gihugu cya Uganda hafi y’umupaka ukigabanya n’u Rwanda. Inyenzi ntabwo zashinzwe n’ishyaka UNAR nk’uko Mugesera abigaragaza, icyakora François Rukeba wariyoboraga we ngo yari yabihaye umugisha ku giti cye.
Inyenzi zagiye zigaba ibitero kuri PARMEHUTU na Kayibanda mu bihe bitandukanye nk’icyabaye ku wa 21 Ukuboza, 1961 aho zaje ziturutse ahitwa Shengerero mu Bugande.
Icyo gihe zaciye iy’ibirunga zihinguka mu Kinigi zihakomerekereza umunyaburayi witwa Daublin zinatwara imodoka ye kuko abazungu nabo bari bashyigikiye ubutegetsi bwatoneshaga bamwe bugaheza abandi.
Undi muzungu witwa Francotte hamwe n’umugore we bahasize ubuzima ndetse na Michel Gakwaya wari umuyobozi w’ishuri yarishwe.
Ntibyahereye aho kuko zakomereje Kigali zigana Gitarama maze mu nzira zihitana umudepite witwaga Chadrack Kamuzinzi bahuriye i Rugobagoba, mu ijoro ryo ku wa 21 rishyira uwa 22 Ukuboza 1961.
Mu kiganiro yagiranye n’Intsinzi TV, umukambwe Munyankore Jean Baptiste wabaye mu Inyenzi, yavuze ko intandaro y’Inyenzi n’ibitero byazo byaturutse ku mujinya w’iyicwa ry’Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa aho bamwe mu batutsi batangiye kurebwa nabi bagerekwaho kwicwa umwami.
Munyankore yahamije ko ubwo Abatutsi bamaze kubona ko bari gutwikirwa bakameneshwa abandi bakicwa, abahunze bakabona ko kugaruka mu gihugu cyababyaye bigoye, byatumye havuka umutwe w’ingabo zitwa Inyenzi, wagiye ugaba ibitero byajegeje u Rwanda ugira ngo urebe uko wafasha abambuwe igihugu kukigarukamo.
Avuga ku gitero cyo mu Bugesera mu 1963, yahishuye ko Inyenzi zabashije gufata ikigo cya Gisirikare cya Gako zikanahatwara imbunda nyinshi.
Ati “Zigeze i Gako, zashoboye gutwara imbunda nyinshi zari yo ndetse Inyenzi zaranahafashe zirakomeza, ariko ziza gutsindwa hariya ku ruzi ku Kagera.”
Muri icyo gitero Inyenzi zari zabashije no gufata Nyamata zinahazamura ibendera ryazo .
Ikindi gitero cy’Inyenzi cyabaye ku wa 13 no ku wa 14 Mata 1962 aho zahingukiye i Musha muri Komine ya Runyinya. Icyo gihe Burugumesitiri witwaga Bubanji yahasize ubuzima we n’undi mugabo w’umucamanza hanicwa umunyaburayi witwa Greens hamwe n’umugore we na muramu we.
Inyenzi zagiye zigaba ibindi bitero mu bice bitandukanye birimo Ngarama muri Byumba, Murambi, Nyagatare, Gakenke za Gabiro n’ahandi, gusa ibitero byazo byagiye biherekezwa n’iyicwa ry’Abatutsi benshi nk’uburyo bwo kwihorera ku buryo hari igihe i Byumba hishwe Abatutsi 1000 ku wa 15 Mata 1962 maze leta ivuga ko byakozwe n’abaturage barambiwe ibitero by’Inyenzi.
Inyenzi ntizacitse intege zakomeje kureba aho zamenera mu bice bya Nshiri na Bweyeye muri Cyangugu ku wa 05 Ukuboza, 1966 zongera kugaruka ku Bweyeye mu 1967 ku misozi ya Bunyagiro no muri Kiyabo ndetse ibi bitero byakomeje kubaho kugeza n’aho mu 1973 hari hakikangwa ibitero byazo hirya no hino mu gihugu.
Muri Gicurasi, 1970 André Sebatware wari Minisitiri w’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu, yasabye abaturage guhora baryamiye amajanja ndetse hanashyirwaho amategeko yo gucungira hafi abaturage bacumbikira abantu batazwi.
Irangira ry’Inyenzi n’impamvu icyo gihe zitageze ku ntego
Kubura ubuyobozi buhamye mu bya politiki ngo butange umurongo ngenderwaho, ubukene, kubura ibikoresho bya gisirikare byabugenewe, kutagira umuterankunga n’izindi mpamvu zitandukanye; byose byabaye impamvu nyamukuru zatumye Inyenzi zicogora ntizabasha kugera ku ntego yazo yo kwigaranzura PARMEHUTU.
Inyenzi zabayeho zitagira umugaba mukuru w’ingabo. Hari amatsinda menshi y’Inyenzi ahantu hatandukanye, ariko zidafite ubuhuzabikorwa n’uburyo bwo gutumanaho ngo zibe zapangira ibikorwa hamwe ku bu buryo nk’izari mu nkambi ya Cibitoke i Burundi, zayoborwaga na Rukeba, Hamud n’uwitwa Rudifu, mu nkambi ya Gatare zikayoborwa na Kayitare, Sebyeza, Rwangombwa na Ngurumbe.
Abo bayobozi bose nta mikoranire bari bafitanye nk’uko Antone Mugesera abigaragaza mu gitabo cye.
Ikindi cyashegeshe Inyenzi mu buryo bukomeye, ni ugukomanyirizwa na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo ndetse n’ibindi bihugu zahagurukiragamo zigaba ibitero.
Kubera ko nta ngengo y’imari Inyenzi zagiraga, zacungiraga ku bikoresho n’imbunda zajyaga gusahura muri Congo, ndetse n’ibitero byazo bimwe zabiteguriraga mu Bugande ibindi mu Burundi, gusa ibi bihugu byaje kuzikomanyiriza bizifatira ingamba, bituma zibura epfo na ruguru.
Ibi bibazo byose no kuba Umuryango w’Abibumbye wari ushyigikiye ubutegetsi bushya bwa PARMEHUTU, kuba hari Inyenzi zagiye zifatwa mpiri zigakorerwa iyicarubozo hakabamo izitanga amakuru ku migambi bafite, biri mu byabagizeho ingaruka.
Source: IGIHE
